中国古典园林与戏曲舞台空间布景的共通性

优秀的传统文化是一个民族劳动人民智慧的结晶。随着全球经济一体化的发展，中国传统文化受到西方文化的猛烈冲击，因此以中国古典园林和戏曲艺术的研究为代表的优秀传统文化的研究对中国现代文化发展有着深远意义。笔者通过查阅国内现有的关于古典园林和戏曲舞台空间布景的研究，发现该领域的研究并不丰富。通过对二者空间布局的层次、置陈布势的常用手法和艺术性进行共通性研究，希望对古典园林和戏曲保护提供参考和指导。     

基于Lefkovitch矩阵模型的山酢浆草种群动态分析

依据林下多年生草本植物山酢浆草Oxalis griffithii的形态学特征,将其生活史划分为4个阶段,并根据3种生境下山酢浆草种群的野外调查资料建立了不同种群的Lefkovitch结构矩阵模型,在此基础上预测了山酢浆草种群的动态及其阶段结构的变化;同时,运用敏感度、贡献率指标分析了影响种群动态的关键生活史阶段。结果表明：不同生境下山酢浆草种群的动态发展趋势不尽相同,常绿阔叶林下的种群（MD）呈稳定发展状态,其他2种生境下种群表现出衰退的发展趋势;种群的动态变化过程受个体的生长、残存、萎缩和繁殖等的综合影响;不同生活史阶段对种群动态的影响差异显著,种群动态过程及其发展趋势主要受种群内较大阶段个体的影响。图2表5参19     

The effects of tank colours on the growth and survival of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis,Linnaeus 1758) hatchlings and juveniles

The effects of different tank colours (white, yellow sandy and black) on the growth, mortality and biomass production were studied for hatchling and early juvenile cuttlefish. For hatchlings, the use of different colour tanks did not promote differences in growth due to the higher variability (standard deviation) found in the white‐ and sand‐coloured tanks. Black tanks promoted the lowest and highest values for total mortality and biomass respectively. For juveniles, the use of different tank colours promoted different growth (P<0.05), but not mortality. Black tanks promoted the best results in terms of growth and biomass. The results obtained in the present study advise the use of black (or dark colour) tanks in the hatchling and early juvenile stages to reduce the standard deviations associated with growth, mortality and biomass production. This will contribute to minimize problems associated with slow and fast growers and competition.     

Association analysis for detecting significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance at the seedling stage in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]

Tolerance to low-phosphorus soil is a desirable trait in soybean cultivars. Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and few reports from natural population. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs that regulate phosphorus-deficiency tolerance in soybean using association mapping approach. Phosphorus-deficiency tolerance was evaluated according to five traits (plant shoot height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus concentration, phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency) comprising a conditional phenotype at the seedling stage. Association mapping of the conditional phenotype detected 19 SNPs including 13 SNPs that were significantly associated with the five traits across two years. A novel cluster of SNPs, including three SNPs that consistently showed significant effects over two years, that associated with more than one trait was detected on chromosome 3. All favorable alleles, which were determined based on the mean of conditional phenotypic values of each trait over the two years, could be pyramided into one cultivar through parental cross combination. The best three cross combinations were predicted with the aim of simultaneously improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency. These results will provide a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in soybean.     

不同种质玉米自交系种子萌发的干旱胁迫研究

种子萌发期被认为是作物生长的关键时期,也是衡量作物耐旱性强弱的重要时期。为了明确不同玉米自交系的耐旱性,本研究采用聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟干旱条件,对254份不同种质玉米自交系进行种子萌发期处理。通过检测发芽指数、发芽率、根数、根鲜重、根干重、茎鲜重、茎干重、根长、苗高等种子发芽性状,以其相对值为指标,鉴定不同自交系种子萌发期的耐旱性。结果表明,在5%PEG6000浓度胁迫时,种子萌发程度低,当PEG浓度为10%时,种子萌发受抑制程度较高；各性状相对指标都与品种综合抗旱能力呈显著或极显著正相关；不同自交系的耐旱性存在较大差异,通过隶属函数法结合抗旱分级标准筛选出99份中等耐旱材料。因此,该方法可以作为一种简单的玉米自交系萌发期耐旱性鉴定方法。     

高产高效栽培下春玉米生育后期冠层结构及其光合特性的研究

以郑单958为供试品种，设高产高效栽培(GCGX)和农户传统栽培(CK)2个处理，于2012年和2013年连续2 a进行田间试验，测定春玉米生育后期冠层结构及其光合特性的变化规律。结果表明：吐丝期和乳熟期株高、穗位高产高效栽培略高于农户传统栽培。与农户传统栽培相比，高产高效栽培春玉米叶面积指数较大，在生育期上表现为吐丝之后更为明显，在叶位上表现为棒三叶以下叶片最为突出；不同叶位的叶倾角高产高效栽培显著小于农户传统栽培，而叶向值均显著大于农户传统栽培，在棒三叶表现最为明显；高产高效栽培生育后期净光合速率显著高于农户传统栽培，冠层光合能力极显著高于农户传统栽培。高产高效栽培下春玉米产量为14.009 t·hm^-2(2012)和13.255 t·hm^-2(2013)，均极显著高于农户传统栽培。     

蓝果忍冬成熟期结合力变化规律的测试分析

为了弄清成熟蓝果忍冬结合力的特性和变化规律、给机械化收获提供技术依据,在蓝果忍冬成熟期间对4个常见品种果实结合力进行了为期16天的跟踪测试。通过分析研究得出:所测试的4个蓝果忍冬品种的结合力分布在0.1~1.7 N之间(P0.05),各品种结合力分布区间略有不同,所测试的野生阿尔泰忍冬、蓓蕾的结合力高于蓝鸟和长白山野生蓝靛果忍冬;各品种结合力随时间呈现出不同程度的下降趋势;同一天内下午的结合力显著大于上午的结合力(P0.05);晴天与阴雨天的结合力无显著性差异。通过因子分析,可将影响结合力的因素测试时间、上下午、相对湿度、温度及天气状况转换成环境因子和时间因子。     

绿豆种质资源成株期抗旱性鉴定

作物种质资源抗旱性鉴定是获得抗旱资源和挖掘抗旱基因的前提。本研究以21份绿豆种质资源为材料,采用温室内盆栽控水旱胁迫,考察不同品种单株产量、单株荚重、单株粒数、单株地上部生物量、单株生物量、根冠比等12项指标,计算各指标在旱胁迫与对照条件下的比值,运用相关性分析、隶属函数、抗旱系数和抗旱指数方法,评价绿豆成株期抗旱性,筛选抗旱优异种质。结果表明,抗旱系数与单株地上部生物量、单株总生物量、单株荚重、单株粒数、单株有效荚数在旱胁迫与对照条件下的比值呈极显著正相关,与根冠比呈极显著负相关,从而遴选出这7项指标作为绿豆成株期抗旱性鉴定的评价指标;基于隶属函数、抗旱系数和抗旱指数三者呈极显著正相关,且3种评价抗旱分级结果一致性较高,故认为抗旱指数法适宜于大规模绿豆成株期抗旱性鉴定;筛选获得高抗种质3份、抗旱种质6份、中抗种质4份、敏感种质5份和极敏感种质3份。     

不同生育期遮光对水稻籽粒直链淀粉及蛋白质含量的影响

研究了生育前期与生育后期遮光50%（插秧至幼穗分化期、抽穗至成熟期）对水稻籽粒直链淀粉及蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明，遮光处理的籽粒直链淀粉有着与对照相似的积累规律，而且均可以用二次曲线回归方程进行拟合。前期遮光有利于籽粒中直链淀粉的积累，提高了籽粒直链淀粉含量；后期遮光则与之相反。前期遮光不利于籽粒中蛋白质的积累，降低了籽粒蛋白质含量；而后期遮光则相反。